In theory a bigger mAh value will have a higher capacity/runtime, as with all things the quoted number can be somewhat optimistic/made up depending on how cnyical you are. Which? magazine did a test and the eneloops, maplin, energizer and 7dayshop batteries were true to rating, the 7day shops even under quoted their capacity iirc. I've got a few sets, all different brands, mainly to help distinguish which are fresh and which are dead when I inevitably mix them up in my bag...
Eneloops seem to be highly thought of, but, and I hope that I am not teaching anyone to suck eggs here, the charger is really important. Get a decent intelligent charger.
Basically it's a descriptor for batteries and other power stores that tells you the maximum milli-amps it can supply for one hour. If it were to supply that many milli-amps for one hour, it would then be either drained or significantly degraded to the point that it could no longer be considered a reliable power source for it's normal expected duty.
In order to work out how long a battery will power a given device, take the milli-amp hour rating and divide it by the power requirement for the device.
For example, if a battery were rated at 1800mAh and your GPS need 250mA to map and record a ride, you could expect the batteries to last for 7.2 hours (1800/250=7.2).
FWIW, my battery of choice for AA rechargeables are eneloops. I also use a fairly decent charger for them. They have a decent run-time on an etrex (still showed as full at the end of 2015 BearBones 200).